CLIMATE-SMART AGRICULTURE: STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCING FOOD SECURITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

Climate change has emerged as one of the greatest threats to agricultural productivity and global food security. Rising temperatures, irregular rainfall patterns, droughts, floods, and extreme weather events significantly affect crop production and agricultural sustainability. Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) has been proposed as an integrated approach to address these challenges by increasing agricultural productivity, enhancing resilience to climate change, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This review examines the principles, practices, benefits, and challenges associated with climate-smart agriculture. The study highlights various adaptation and mitigation strategies, including conservation agriculture, agroforestry, improved crop varieties, water management technologies, and digital agriculture. The findings indicate that climate-smart agricultural practices can improve food security while promoting environmental sustainability and rural development.