This study evaluated the comparative reproductive performance and economic viability of New Zealand White (NZW) and Nigerian Indigenous (NIR) rabbit breeds under the semi-arid conditions of Katsina State, Nigeria. A twelve-month study of 60 does revealed significant breed-environment interactions. New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits were more prolific, with higher conception rates (82.4% vs. 76.2%), larger litters (7.8 vs. 6.1 kits), and heavier birth weights.