INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT IN MODERN AGRICULTURE: APPROACHES, BENEFITS, AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

Crop losses caused by insect pests, weeds, and plant diseases remain a major challenge to global agricultural production. Conventional pest control relies heavily on synthetic pesticides, which may result in environmental pollution, pesticide resistance, and adverse effects on human health. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) has emerged as a sustainable approach that combines biological, cultural, mechanical, and chemical control methods to manage pest populations effectively while minimizing environmental risks. This review examines the principles, components, advantages, challenges, and future prospects of integrated pest management in modern agriculture. The study highlights the importance of ecological pest control strategies and technological innovations in promoting sustainable crop production. Adoption of IPM practices can significantly reduce pesticide dependence, improve environmental quality, and enhance agricultural sustainability.