SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES FOR ENHANCING SOIL HEALTH AND CROP PRODUCTIVITY: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Agriculture remains the backbone of food security and economic development in many countries. However, intensive farming practices have contributed to soil degradation, biodiversity loss, water pollution, and declining crop productivity. Sustainable agricultural practices have emerged as effective strategies to address these challenges while ensuring long-term agricultural productivity. This review examines the role of sustainable farming approaches, including conservation tillage, crop rotation, organic amendments, integrated nutrient management, and precision agriculture, in improving soil health and crop yields. The study highlights the environmental and economic benefits associated with sustainable agriculture and discusses the challenges limiting its widespread adoption. Findings indicate that sustainable agricultural practices significantly enhance soil fertility, improve water retention, increase biodiversity, and contribute to climate resilience. The review concludes that integrating modern technologies with ecological farming principles can promote sustainable food production and environmental conservation.