SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT: CHALLENGES, INNOVATIONS, AND FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES

Aquaculture is one of the fastest-growing food production sectors globally and plays a crucial role in meeting the increasing demand for animal protein. However, rapid expansion of aquaculture systems has raised concerns regarding environmental sustainability, water quality degradation, disease outbreaks, habitat destruction, and resource utilization. Sustainable aquaculture seeks to balance economic productivity with environmental protection and social responsibility. This review examines current aquaculture practices, environmental challenges, sustainable production technologies, disease management strategies, policy frameworks, and future opportunities. The review highlights innovative approaches such as integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, recirculating aquaculture systems, biofloc technology, and climate-resilient aquaculture as pathways toward sustainable aquatic food production.